Women who eat lots of dairy foods such as milk and cheese are much more likely to have twins than those who eat plant foods, a new study has found. The findings have been made by researchers who wanted to know why the rate of twin births in the United States rose by more than 75% between 1980 and 2003.
Gary Steinman author of the study and an attending physician at Long Island Jewish (LIJ) Medical Center in New Hyde Park, NY, carried out a simple comparison: he gathered together childbearing records for more than 1,000 vegan women who do not eat any animal products. He calculated that vegans were around five times less likely to bear twins than omnivorous women or vegetarians who eat dairy food, Nature magazine said.
Dr Steinman is an obstetrician well known for his care of and research into multiple-birth pregnancies. In the study, he compared the rates of twin births among women who ate a regular diet, vegetarian diet with dairy, and vegan diet, which completely excludes animal products.
The research, published in the Journal of Reproductive Medicine, says eating animal products, in particular dairy foods, boosts the production of a protein called insulin-like growth factor (IGF) in women. The scientists say the protein promotes the release of eggs by the ovary, increasing the chance of two or more eggs being fertilised on women reproduction at the same time.
The reason may be insulin-like growth factor (IGF), a protein that is released from the liver of animals, including humans, in response to growth hormone, circulates in the blood and makes its way into the animal’s milk.
Researchers have found through large population studies of African American, Caucasian and Asian women that blood IGF levels are greatest among African Americans and lowest in Asians.
Some women are just genetically programmed to make more IGF than others. Twinning rates in these demographic groups parallel the IGF levels.
Black women have highest IGF levels. They also have the highest rate of twin births. Asian women have the lowest levels of IGF and they have also the lowest twinning rate. Caucasian women fall in between in terms of their level of IGF and rate of twin births.
Although Dr Gary Steinman, the lead scientist, admits his findings are preliminary, he points to other research that backs his theory. Research has shown that vegan women’s levels of the IGF protein are lower than those of other women while separate work has suggested that the rate of twin production is higher in countries that consume more milk.
“This study shows for the first time that the chance of having twins is affected by both heredity and environment, or in other words, by both nature and nurture,” said Dr. Steinman.
“Because multiple gestations are more prone to complications such as premature delivery, congenital defects and pregnancy-induced hypertension in the mother than singleton pregnancies, the findings of this study suggest that women contemplating pregnancy might consider substituting meat and dairy products with other protein sources, especially in countries that allow growth hormone administration to cattle.”
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